ܫܸܪܫܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܬܘܼܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܝܼܙܘܿܦܘܿܬܵܡܝܵܐ (ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ): ܒܸܕܥܵܪܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܠܕܵܖܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܬܝܼܩܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܡܼܢ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܩ ݂ ܡ: ܐܲܕܝܵܒܝܼܢ (ܘܐܵܦ ܐܲܪܒܵܐܝܼܠܠܘܿ/ ܐܲܪܒܸܠ ܕܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ): ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܕܵܐ ܡܢܵܬ݂ܐ ܡܼܢ ܡܲܠܟܘܼܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܒܙܲܒ݂ܢܵܐ ܕܕܝܼܟܪܵܐܢ (ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ) ܪܲܒܵܐ ݂ ܐܲܕܝܵܒܝܼܢ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܡܢܵܬܐ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܵܪܡܝܼܢܝܵܐ: ܕܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܒܲܫܢܵܬ݂ 301: ܗܿܘ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܬܲܫܥܝ݂ܬܐ ݂ ܘܲܟܒܲܪ ܚܕܵܐ ܬܦܵܩܬܐ ܒܪܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܚܕܵܖ̈ܲܝ 328 ـ 329 ܒܲܝܢܵܬ݂ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܫܲܠܝܼܛܹ̈ܐ ܕܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܠܚܘܿܕܲܝܗܝ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܗܿܘ ܙܲܒ݂ܢܵܐ: ܒܹܝܬ ܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܵܐ ܪܗܘܿܡܵܝܵܐ ܩܸܣܛܲܢܛܝܼܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ: ܘܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ ܬܪܝܼܕܲܝܬ ܬܠܝܼܬܵܝܵܐ ݂ ܡܫܘܼܪܸܪܹܗ ܩܸܣܛܲܢܛܝܼܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܠܕܲܘܪܵܐ ܕܲܬܪܝܼܕܲܝܬ ܬܠܝܼܬܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܫܚܲܕܬܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ݂ ܘܗܵܕܟ݂ܵܐ ܡܫܲܘܬܘܿܦܹܐ ܝܠܲܝܗܝ ܡܣܲܒ݂ܖ̈ܵܢܹܐ (ܡܲܫܚܸܕܵܢܹ̈ܐ) ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܒܡܲܫܚܲܕܬܐ ܕܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ ܘܡܲܠܟܘܼܬ݂ܐ ܣܵܣܵܢܵܝܬܐ: ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܕܡܲܕܟ݂ܘܿܪܹܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܵܢܵܐ ܝܲܘܢܵܝܵܐ ܣܘܿܙܡܝܼܢ ܚܕܵܖ̈ܲܝ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ402 ݂ ” ܒܚܲܪܬ݂ܐ ܒܲܝܢܵܬ݂ ܥܲܡܡܹ̈ܐ ܫܒ݂ܵܒܹ̈ܐ: ܙܝܼܕܠܵܗ̇ ܗܲܝܡܵܢܘܼܬܐ ܒܲܚܕܵܐ ܨܘܼܪܬܐ ܪܲܒܬܐ: ܘܲܡܛܘܼܘܸܪܵܗ̇ ܗܲܝܡܵܢܘܼܬܐ ܘܲܪܒܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܒܚܲܕ ܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ: ܘܚܵܫܒܸܢ ܕܦܵܖ̈ܣܵܝܹܐ ܚܦܸܩܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܲܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܒܡܸܨܥܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܕܐ݇ܚܝܵܢܘܼܬ݂ܐ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܥܲܡ ܐܘܿܣܪܘܿܘܹܝܢ (ܖ̈ܗܘܿܡܵܢܵܝܹܐ)^[1] ܘܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ”^[2] ݂

ܒܕܵܪܵܐ ܫܒܲܥܣܝܼܪܵܝܵܐ: ܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܚܲܕܬܹ̈ܐ: ܫܟܸܢܘܼܢ ܒܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ݂ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܨܦܵܚܬܐ ܥܲܠ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܒܝܲܕ ܫܵܐܗ ܦܵܪܣܵܝܵܐ (ܥܲܒܵܐܣ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ) ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1623 ݂ ܒܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܫܒܲܥܣܝܼܪܵܝܵܐ: ܡܲܠܟܵܐ ܦܵܪܣܵܝܵܐ ܡܫܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܠܥܵܡܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܕܓ̰ܘܼܓ݂ܵܐ (ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܥܲܬܝܼܩܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܢܵܚܝܼܬܸܫܝܼܦܵܐܢ ܥܲܠ ܣܸܦܬܐ ܓܲܪܒܝܵܝܬܐ ܕܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܕܐܵܪܵܟܸܣ) ݂ ܘܗܵܕܟ݂ܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܡܘܼܬܒܹ̈ܐ (12000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܓܲܘ (ܕܓ̰ܘܼܓ݂ܵܐ) ܚܕܲܬܐ: ܩܘܼܪܒܵܐ ܕܐܲܨܦܵܗܵܢ: ܠܲܡܫܲܘܬܘܿܦܹܐ ܒܛܘܼܘܵܪܵܐ ܕܐܵܪܸܫܟ݂ܵܝܬܐ ܚܕܲܬܐ ܕܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܘܼܬܐ ܦܵܪܣܵܝܬܐ ܨܘܿܦܵܝܬܐ (الصوفية) ݂ ܘܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܡܝܼܬ ܠܹܗ ܫܵܐܗ: ܚܝܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܓܲܘ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܦܵܪܹܣ ܚܲܕ ܙܲܒ݂ܢܵܐ ܬܚܘܿܬ݂ ܪܕܘܼܦܝܵܐ ݂ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܡܸܢܲܝܗܝ ܡܫܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ: ܘܲܫܟܸܢܘܼܢ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܨܪܵܐ (ܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ܕܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ): ܟܲܕ ܚܙܸܩܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܖ̈ܵܢܹܐ ܠܥܲܕ (ܠܗܲܠ) ܕܲܡܛܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܗܸܢܕܘܿ ݂

ܟܒ݂ܘܼܫܝܵܐ ܐܲܘ ܟܒ݂ܵܫܬܐ ܕܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1638 ܒܝܲܕ ܫܲܠܝܼܛܵܐ ܥܘܼܬ݂ܡܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܡܘܼܪܵܐܕ ܪܒ݂ܝܼܥܵܝܵܐ: ܒܥܘܼܕܪܵܢܵܐ ܕܦܵܠܚܹ̈ܐ (جنود) ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܥܘܼܬ݂ܡܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܡܗܘܼܕܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܠܲܥܡܵܪܬܵܐ ܘܲܫܟܵܢܬܐ ܚܕܲܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ݂ ܒܟܠܹܗ ܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ ܕܥܘܼܬ݂ܡܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܠܗܲܠ ܢܦܵܠܬܐ ܕܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܘܼܬܐ ܒܫܘܼܪܵܝ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܕܥܸܣܪܝܼܢ: ܡܛܘܼܘܸܪܘܼܢ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܫܘܼܬܐܵܣܲܝܗܝ: ܠܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܚܫܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܲܝܗܝ ܒܫܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ ܕܕܵܪܵܐ ܬܫܲܥܣܝܼܪܵܝܵܐ ܩܘܼܪܒܵܐ ܠـ (90000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܢܸܫܡܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ^[3] ݂

ܐܲܒܝܼܕܘܼܬܐ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܬܐ (ܩܛܵܠ ـ ܥܲܡܵܐ: الإبادة الجماعية) ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1915 ـ 1917: ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܲܒܘܼܥܵܐ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ ܘܪܹܫܵܝܵܐ ܠܬܲܘܬܵܒ݂ܘܼܬܐ ܘܲܥܪܵܩܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܠܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ݂ ܐܲܢܲܝ ܓܲܠܘܵܝܹ̈ܐ (ܬܲܘܬܵܒܹ̈ܐ): ܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܡܘܼܥܖܸ̈ܩܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܗܹܘܦܲܖ̈ܟܝܼܹܐ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܘܼܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܓܲܪܒܝܵܐ (ܕܝܵܪܒܲܟܲܪ): ܥܲܠ ܝܘܼܪܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܕܕܸܩܠܵܬ: ܘܥܲܠ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ(ܪܹܫ ܥܲܝܢܵܐ) ܥܲܠ ܝܘܼܪܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܣܸܟܬܐ ܦܲܪܙܠܵܝܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ(ܚܲܠܲܒ) ܠܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ݂ ܘܐܵܦ ܡܼܢ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ(ܒ݂ܵܐܢ) ܓܵܘܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܦܵܪܹܣ: ܡܛܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܐܲܢܲܝ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܡܘܼܥܖܸ̈ܩܹܐ ܠܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܦܸܢܝܵܬ݂̈ܐ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܙܵܟ݂ܘܿ: ܘܗܵܘܪܝܼܣܟ: ܘܐܲܦܙܲܪܘܿܓ݂ (ܐܲܦܙܲܪܘܼܟ): ܘܐܵܦ ܠܡܲܘܨܸܠ ܘܟܲܪܟܘܼܟ ݂ ܘܲܒܗܵܢܵܐ ܨܹܝܕ: ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܕܟ݂ܵܪܬܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܚܲܠܲܩܬܐ ܡܲܪܝܼܪܬܐ ܘܐܘܼܠܨܵܢܵܝܬܐ: ܒܟܵܢܘܿܢ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1916: ܘܓܲܘ ܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ ܠܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܐ ܒܲܠܚܘܿܕ: ܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܩܛܝܼܠܹ̈ܐ (15000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܡܘܼܥܖܸ̈ܩܹܐ ܠܡܲܘܨܸܠ ܘܦܸܢ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܐ ܕܒܲܫܒ݂ܵܒ݂ܘܼܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (ܚܵܕܹܪܘܵܢܵܗ̇): ܘܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܐܣܝܼܖܹ̈ܐ ܟܠ ܥܸܣܪܵܐ ܦܲܖ̈ܨܘܿܦܹܐ ܡܸܚܕܵܕܹ̈ܐ: ܘܲܡܖ̈ܘܼܦܝܹܐ ܓܲܘ ܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܕܕܸܩܠܵܬ ݂ ܘܐܵܦ ܚܫܝܼܚܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܠܡܲܕܟ݂ܘܿܪܹܐ: ܕܲܩܕܵܡ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܓܘܼܢܚܵܐ ܒܝܘܿܡ (10) ܒܝܲܪܚܵܐ ܕܲܚܙܝܼܪܵܢ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1915: ܡܫܘܼܕܸܪܹܗ ܩܲܢܨܠܵܐ (القنصل) ܐܲܠܡܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܘܨܸܠ (ܗܘܿܠܸܫܬܵܝܸܢ) ܠܐܝܼܙܓܲܕܵܐ ܕܐܲܬ݂ܪܹܗ ܒܲܪܩܝܼܬܐ (برقية) ܕܒܐܝܼܬܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇:” 614 ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ (ܓܲܒ݂ܖܹ̈ܐ ܘܢܸܫܹ̈ܐ ܘܫܲܒ݂ܖܹ̈ܐ) ܕܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܛܖ̈ܝܼܕܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܕܝܼܵܪܒܲܟܲܪ: ܘܡܘܼܥܖܸ̈ܩܹܐ ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ ܠܡܲܘܨܸܠ: ܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܩܛܝܼܠܹ̈ܐ ܒܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ: ܟܲܕ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܢܩܝܼܠܹ̈ܐ ܒܛܵܝܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ (طوافات) ܓܲܘ ܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܕܕܸܩܠܵܬ ݂ ܒܐܸܬܡܵܠܝ: ܛܵܝܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ ܡܛܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܣܦܝܼܩܹ̈ܐ: ܘܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ ܝܲܘܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ: ܛܥܝܼܢܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܕܕܸܩܠܵܬ: ܫܠܲܕܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܕܖ̈ܵܥܹܐ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܝܹ̈ܐ”^[4] ݂

ܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ: ܣܘܿܓ݂ܐܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ܝܼܠܲܝܗܝ ܡܼܢ ܡܦܲܨܝܹ̈ܐ (ܦܖ̈ܝܼܩܹܐ: من الناجين) ܡܼܢ ܦܲܖ̈ܡܵܢܹܐ (ܦܘܼܣܩܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܖ̈ܘܼܫܡܵܝܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ ܥܘܼܬ݂ܡܵܢܵܝܵܐ) ܕܲܩܛܵܠ ـ ܥܲܡܵܐ ܕܣܲܝܦܘܿ ܕܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1915 ݂ ܘܦܝܼܫܹ̈ܐ ܝܠܲܝܗܝ ܡܘܼܢܫܝܼܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܓܹܒܵܐ ܦܘܿܠܝܼܛܝܼܩܵܝܵܐ: ܐܸܠܵܐ ܝܼܕܝܼܥܹ̈ܐ ܝܠܲܝܗܝ ܒܚܘܼܒܲܝܗܝ ܩܵܐ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ: ܘܲܒܚܘܼܒܲܝܗܝ ܠܛܘܼܘܵܪܵܐ ܕܐܲܝܟܲܢܵܝܘܼܬܲܝܗܝ ܝܘܼܠܦܵܢܵܝܬܐ ܘܲܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܬܐ ܘܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܵܢܵܝܬܐ ݂

ܘܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ܒܣܘܿܓ݂ܐܲܝܗܝ: ܝܼܠܲܝܗܝ ܡܼܢ ܗܲܕܵܡܹ̈ܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܫܠܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ (ܕܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܚܕܵܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܫܪܝܼܬܐ: ܡܼܢ ܡܲܘܠܵܕܵܗ̇ ܐܲܘ ܫܘܼܬܐܵܣܵܗ̇ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ301): ܘܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܡܸܢܲܝܗܝ ܕܝܼܠܲܝܗܝ ܗܲܕܵܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܡܗܘܼܡܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܬܐ^[5]: ܘܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܹܖ̈݇ܢܹܐ ܗܲܕܵܡܹ̈ܐ ܝܠܲܝܗܝ ܕܚܲܕ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܐ ܙܥܘܿܪܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܐܹܘܲܢܓܲܠܵܝܬܐ ݂

ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܡܲܢܦܲܠܬܐ ܕܛܲܟܣܵܐ ܕܨܲܕܵܐܡ ܚܘܼܣܲܝܢ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ2003: ܣܪܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܩܵܐܹܡ ܕܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܠܚܲܕ ܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ: ܘܐܵܦ ܣܝܼ̈ܥܵܬ݂ܐ ܐܸܣܠܵܡܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܡܵܦܝܵܐ ܕܲܗܘܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܕܲܠܩܘܼܒ݂ܠ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܗܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܢܝܼܫܲܝܗܝ ܐܵܦ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܥܝܼܖ̈ܵܩܵܝܹܐ ܘܥܹܕܵܬܲܝܗܝ ݂ ܒܝܘܿܡ 1 ܒܐܵܒ 2004: ܨܦܸܚܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܒܡܲܦ̈ܩܵܥܵܬ݂ܐ ܥܲܠ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ (ܣܲܝܕܵܐ ܐܲܠܘܲܪܕܝܼܵܐ) ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܒܡܲܫܪܝܼܬܐ ܕ(ܐܲܠܟܲܪܵܕܵܐ) ݂ ܘܚܲܪܬܐ ܨܦܸܚܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܐܵܦ ܥܲܠ ܚܕܵܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܐ݇ܚܹܪ݇ܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܘܨܸܠ ܕܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܒܛܲܘܪܵܐ ܕܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܒܝܘܿܡ 4 ܒܟܵܢܘܿܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ 2004 ݂ ܩܘܼܪܒܵܒܵܐ ܕܥܸܣܪܝܼܢ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ: ܗܘܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܡܲܦܠܲܛܬܐ ܘܲܥܪܵܩܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ܟܖ̈ܝܼܟ݂ܐ ܒܥܸܢܦܵܐ ܘܲܛܠܘܼܡܝܵܐ ݂ ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ 2003: ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܡܵܛܹܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠـ (25000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܢܸܫܡܹ̈ܐ: ܐܸܠܵܐ ܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ ܪܵܡܙܝܼ ܦܵܩܘܿܕܹ̈ܐ ܘܥܲܠܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܐ ܠـ (10000) ܠܥܲܕ (13000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܐܝܼܬ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܦܲܠܓܲܝܗܝ ܗܵܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܚܵܝܝܼ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ݂ ܘܦܵܝܫܵܢܵܐ ܚܵܝܝܼ ܓܲܘ ܟܘܼܪܕܸܣܬܵܐܢ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܘܟܲܪܟܘܼܟ: ܘܣܘܼܠܲܝܡܵܢܝܼܵܐ: ܘܐܵܦ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܨܪܵܐ: ܘܠܲܝܬ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܘܨܸܠ ݂

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[1] ܐܘܿܣܪܘܿܘܹܝܢ (ܖ̄ܗܘܿܡܵܢܵܝܹܐ): ܝܼܠܲܝܗܝ ܥܵܡܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܕ(ܐܲܕܝܼܣܵܐ): ܕܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܚܕܵܐ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܟܲܒܝܼܪܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܕܵܖܹ̈ܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܡܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ ܕܦܵܝܫܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܼܢ ܡܲܒܘܼܥܹ̈ܐ ܖܹ̈ܫܵܝܹܐ ܠܲܦܪܵܣܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܘܼܬܐ ݂ ܠܦܘܼܬ݂ ܝܘܼܒܵܠ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ: ܡܲܠܟܵܐ ܕܐܲܕܝܼܣܵܐ ܘܐܵܪܡܝܼܢܝܵܐ (ܐܲܒ݂ܓܲܪ ܚܡܝܼܫܵܝܵܐ): ܒܥܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܕܲܡܩܲܒܸܠ ܠܲܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܠܟܘܼܬܹܗ: ܘܲܡܫܘܼܕܸܪܹܗ ܐܸܠܹܗ ܚܕܵܐ ܐܸܓܲܪܬܐ ܒܗܵܢܵܐ ܡܠܘܿܐܵܐ ݂ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ ܠܵܐ ܐܬܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܠ(ܐܲܕܝܼܣܵܐ): ܐܸܠܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܼܢ ܬܲܠܡܝܼܕܲܘܗ̈ܝ (ܐܲܕܲܝ) ݂ ܒܵܬܲܪܟܸܢ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܩܪܝܼܬܐ ܐܲܕܝܼܣܵܐ ܒܫܸܡ: (ܐܘܿܪܦܵܐ): ܘܡܼܢ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1984: ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܩܪܝܼܬܐ (ܣܵܢܠܝܼ ܐܘܿܪܦܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܬܘܼܪܟܝܼܵܐ) ݂

[2] ܚܙܝܼ: ܐܵܪܡܝܼܢܝܵܐ: ܐܲܛܠܲܣ ܕܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܐ: ܦ 22 ܘܡܵܦܵܐ ܦ 23: ܛܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܡܲܒܘܼܥܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܐܵܪܡܝܼܢܝܵܐ 2017 ݂

[3] ܡܲܒܘܼܥܵܐ: ܐܝܼܙܓܲܕܘܼܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ݂

[4] ܚܙܝܼ: ܐܲܒܝܼܕܘܼܬ݂ܐ ܕܥܵܖ̈ܘܿܩܹܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܥܘܼܬ݂ܡܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܫܖ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܐ ܕܐܲܣܝܼܖܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܐ ܘܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ: ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܝܼܠܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܡܓ݂ܠܬܐ (ܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܐ ܕܵܪܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܵܪܸܡܝܼܢܝܵܐ): ܡܢܵܬ݂ܐ 2: 1998: ܪܝܼܡܘܿܢܕ ܐܹܝܟ̰ ܟܝܼܦܘܿܪܟܝܵܐܢ: ܦ 15 ݂

[5] ܡܼܢ ܡܲܘܬܒ݂ܵܐ ܐܸܠܟܸܬܪܘܿܢܵܝܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܙܓܲܕܘܼܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܡܵܨܹܝܚ ܕܩܵܪܹܝܚ ܡܵܐ ܕܒܐܝܼܬܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ: ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ 1914: ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ (300) ܦܲܖ̈ܨܘܿܦܹܐ ݂ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܦܠܵܫܵܐ ܬܹܒܹܝܠܵܝܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܠܥܲܕ 2003: ܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ (3000) ܦܲܖ̈ܨܘܿܦܹܐ ݂ ܒܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ ܩܘܼܪܒܵܐ ܠـ 200 ـ 250 ܝܼܩܖ̈ܵܬ݂ܐ ݂ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܐܝܼܬ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ ܥܹܕܵܬ̈ܐ: ܗܿܝ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܬܐ ܒܫܸܡ (ܣܲܝܕܵܐ ܐܲܠܘܲܪܕܝܼܵܐ) ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܒܢܝܼܬܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ 1844: ܘܗܿܝ ܕܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ ܒܫܸܡ (ܠܸܒܵܐ ܕܝܼܫܘ݁ܥ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ) ܕܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܒܢܝܼܬܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ 1937 ݂ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ 1997 ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ ܡܚܘܼܕܲܬ݂ܬܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܐܸܣܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܡܼܢ ܥܹܕܵܬ̈ܐ ܛܵܒ݂ ܖ̈ܲܒܹܐ ܕܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ݂ ܘܡܲܛܪܵܢ ܥܲܡܵܢܘܼܐܹܝܠ ܕܵܒܲܓ݂ܝܵܐܢ: ܝܼܠܹܗ ܪܹܫ ܐܲܦܸܣܩܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ݂

ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1914: ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ 300 ܢܸܫܡܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܒܹܝܬ ܚܘܼܬܵܡܵܐ ܕܲܦܠܵܫܵܐ ܬܹܒܹܝܠܵܝܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܠܲܢܦܵܠܬܐ ܕܛܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ ܒܲܥܬ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ2003: ܡܛܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܲܒܢܲܝ̈ ܫܲܪܒܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܬܐ ܠ 3000 ܦܲܖ̈ܨܘܿܦܹܐ ݂ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܗܿܘ ܙܲܒ݂ܢܵܐ: ܒܨܸܪܹܗ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܲܝܗܝ ܒܥܸܠܬܐ ܕܠܲܝܬܵܝܘܼܬ݂ ܫܲܝܢܵܐ ܘܲܪܕܘܼܦܝܵܐ ܕܲܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ2012: ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ 1650 ܦܲܖ̈ܨܘܿܦܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܡܘܼܥܡܸܕܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ (ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ)[1] ݂

ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܡܫܘܼܬܐܲܣܬܐ ܡܲܪܥܝܼܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܒܣܝܼܩܘܿܡ 29 ܒܲܚܙܝܼܪܵܢ 1954: ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܒܸܚܝܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ܐܲܠܦܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܗܵܕܹܐ ܡܲܪܥܝܼܬܐ ܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܬܚܘܿܬ ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ ܕܦܵܛܪܝܼܵܪܟܘܼܬܐ ܕ(ܟܝܼܠܝܼܟܝܵܐ) ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܩܸܢܛܪܘܿܢܵܗ̇ ܝܼܠܹܗ ܓܲܘ (ܒܙܘܿܡܡܵܪ) ܒܠܸܒ݂ܢܵܢ ݂

ܐܝܼܬ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ ܥܹܕܵܬܐ ܬܵܒܥܹ̈ܐ ܠܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܬܐ ܢܵܪܝܼܟ (ܡܵܪܬܐ ܕܗܲܒܵܒܹ̈ܐ): ܘܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܥܲܬܝܼܩܬܐ ܕܠܸܒܵܐ ܕܝܼܫܘܿܥ ݂

ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܟܘܼܪܣܝܵܐ ܕܪܹܫܵܢܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܣܦܝܼܩܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܡܲܘܬܐ ܕܪܹܫ ܐܲܦܸܣܩܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ ܐܝܼܡܵܢܘܼܐܹܝܠ ܕܵܒܵܓ݂ܝܵܐܢ ܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕ13 ܒܐܝܼܠܘܿܠ 2018 ݂

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[1] Source: http://boowiki.info/art/dioceses-catholiques-en-irak/archieparchie-de-bagdad-des-armeniens.html#goto-2

ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܣܝܼܡܬܐ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܬܐ ܢܵܪܝܼܟ ܕܐܵܖ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1998: ܘܗܵܝ ܟܹܐ ܛܵܥܢܵܐ ܫܸܡܵܐ ܕܚܲܕ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܒܵܪܵܐ ܕܵܥܹܹܪ ܠܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1000 ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ: ܘܦܵܐܹܫ ܩܸܪܝܵܐ (ܢܵܪܝܼܟܵܬܣܝܼ): ܘܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܬܚܘܿܬ ܪܵܥܝܘܼܬܐ ܕ(ܣܲܝܝܼܕܵܐ ܐܲܠܘܲܪܕܝܼܵܐ) ݂

ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܬܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܒܢܵܝܬܵܗ̇ ܒܥܸܠܬܐ ܕܲܙܝܵܕܬܐ ܕܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ: ܕܟܹܐ ܡܙܲܝܚܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܒܩܘܼܕܵܫܵܐ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܕܠܸܒܵܐ ܕܝܼܫܘܿܥ ݂

ܦܵܛܪܝܼܵܪܟܵܐ ܕܟܝܼܠܝܼܟܝܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܗܘܿܦܵܢܸܣ ܒܝܼܕܪܘܿܣ ܟܵܣܦܵܪܝܵܐܢ ܕ(18) (1982 ـ 1998): ܪܹܫܵܢܵܐ ܥܒ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ: ܒܢܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܠܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܘܡܘܼܬܸܒ݂ܠܹܗ ܟܹܐܦ ܐܸܣܵܐ ܠܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܗܵܢܵܐ ݂ ܘܪܹܫ ܐܲܦܸܣܩܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܦܘܿܠ ܟܘܿܣܵܐ (1983 ـ 2001): ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܹܗ ܚܲܕ ܕܲܘܪܵܐ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܗܵܕܹܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ: ܒܗܿܝ ܕܲܚܙܸܩܠܹܗ ܠܟܠܲܝܗܝ ܦܸܢܝܵܬ̈ܐ ܕܥܵܠܡܵܐ ܠܲܡܟܲܦܘܿܫܹܐ ܙܘܼܙܹ̈ܐ ܣܢܝܼܩܹ̈ܐ ܠܗܵܢ ܫܘܼܓ݇ܠܵܐ ݂

ܡܫܘܼܪܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܦܘܼܠܚܵܢܵܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1992: ܒܵܬܲܪ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܦܬܵܚܬܐ ܕܐܵܘܵܢܵܐ ܕܙܘܼܝܵܚܹ̈ܐ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܒܢܝܼܬܐ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܒܪܹܫ ܐܵܘܵܢܵܐ ݂ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܩܛܝܼܪܵܐ ܦܘܼܬܵܚܵܐ ܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕ 18 ܒܬܸܫܪܝܼܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1998: ܒܲܡܛܲܝܒ݂ܘܼܬܐ ܕܦܵܛܪܝܼܵܪܟܵܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܗܘܿܦܵܢܸܣ ܒܝܼܕܪܘܿܣ ܟܵܣܦܵܪܝܵܐܢ ܕ(18): ܚܲܕ ܝܲܪܚܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ ܡܫܲܘܬܒ݂ܘܼܬܹܗ (تقاعده)  ݂  ܪܵܒܵܐ ܟܵܗܢܹ̈ܐ ܘܓܲܒ݂ܖ̈ܲܝ ܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܐ ܘܐܵܦ ܡܗܘܼܡܢܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܟܠܲܝܗܝ ܬܲܘܕܝܵܬܐ: ܘܥܹܕܬܐ ܫܠܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܡܫܘܼܬܸܦܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܒܗܵܢ ܓܸܕܫܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ ݂

ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܢܦܵܠܬܐ ܕܛܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ ܒܲܥܬ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ2003: ܥܦܸܦܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ (ܙܝܼܕܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ) ܨܦܵܚܝܵܬ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܥܹܕܵܬ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ: ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܬܐ ܢܵܪܝܼܟ (ܡܵܪܬܐ ܕܗܲܒܵܒܹ̈ܐ) ܢܝܼܫܵܐ ܠܲܨܦܵܚܵܐ ܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕܚܲܕ ܒܐܵܒ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ2004 ݂ ܘܐܵܦܸܢ ܕܠܲܝܬܵܝܘܼܬ݂ ܫܲܝܢܵܐ: ܐܸܠܵܐ ܗܲܪ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̄ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܕܘܼܟܵܐ ܠܐܲܡܝܼܢܘܼܬ݂ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܕܙܘܼܝܵܚܹ̈ܐ ܘܚܘܼܦܵܛܹ̈ܐ ܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܣܵܟ݂ ܠܵܐ ܟܠܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ݂

ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܝܼܠܝܼܕܵܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܓܲܘ ܡܵܬܐ ܕܢܵܪܝܼܟ ܒܲܝܢܲܝ 940 ܠ 950 ܠܡܵܪܲܢ: ܘܡܝܼܬ ܠܹܗ ܒܲܝܢܲܝ 1003 ܠ 1010: ܘܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܚܕܵܐ ܡܵܬܐ ܬܲܦܢܟ݂ܵܝܬܐ ܘܢܵܦܠܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܒܘܼܥܕܵܐ ܕ(2) ܟܠܡ ܠܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܝܲܡܬܐ (ܒ݂ܵܐܢ) ݂ ܘܩܘܼܖ̈ܕܵܝܹܐ ܟܒܸܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܡܵܬܐ ܕܢܵܪܝܼܟ ܡܼܢ ܙܲܒ݂ܢܵܐ ܕܐܲܒܝܼܕܘܼܬܐ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܒܲܝܢܲܝ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܕ1915 ـ 1917: ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܫܘܼܚܠܸܦܵܐ ܫܸܡܵܗ̇ ܠ(ܝܲܡܝܼܟ̰ܠܝܼܟ) ܡܼܢ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1934 ݂

ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܢܵܪܝܼܟܵܬܣܝܼ: ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܪܲܒܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ ܘܟܵܗܢܵܐ ܡܫܲܡܗܵܐ ܠܥܲܕ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܥܣܝܼܪܵܝܵܐ: ܘܐܵܦ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܵܚܘܿܪܵܐ (ܨܘܿܦܵܝܵܐ) ܕܡܝܼܪܵܐ ܠܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ: ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܲܫܘܸܪܘܼܢ ܟܬܝܼܒ݂ܵܬܹ̈ܗ ܘܣܝܼܡܵܬܹ̈ܗ ܠܲܬܚܘܼܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܙܲܒ݂ܢܹ̈ܐ: ܘܣܝܼܡܠܹܗ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܡܘܼܫܚܵܬܹ̈ܐ ܘܥܘܿܢܝܵܬܹ̈ܐ ܘܐܵܬܘܵܬܹ̈ܐ (شعارات) ܘܣܲܒ݂ܖܹ̈ܐ: ܘܝܼܕܝܼܥܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܒܲܣܝܵܡܬܹܗ ܠܲܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕ(ܐܘܿܠܝܼܬܐ) ܕܠܵܐ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܢܸܫܝܵܐ: ܘܦܝܼܫܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܼܕܝܼܥܵܐ ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܚܲܕ ܓܲܙܵܐ ܝܲܩܝܼܪܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܣܸܦܪܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ ܬܹܒܹܝܠܵܝܬܐ ݂

ܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕܚܲܕܒܫܒܵܐ 12 ܒܢܝܼܣܵܢ 2015: ܩܲܡ ܡܲܝܕܸܥܠܹܗ ܦܵܦܵܐ ܦܪܵܢܣܝܼܣ ܐܲܝ̣ܟ݂ ܐܵܣܝܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕ(36) ܓܲܘ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܦܲܛܪܘܿܣ ܓܲܘ ܪܗܘܿܡܵܐ: ܩܕܵܡ ܚܲܕ ܟܸܢܫܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܡܗܘܼܡܢܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܒܦܘܼܪܣܵܐ ܕܡܵܐܐ ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܲܒܝܼܕܘܼܬܐ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ݂ “ܡܼܢ ܒܲܝܢܵܬ݂ ܐܵܣܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܲܝܗܝ (36) ܐܵܣܝܹ̈ܐ: ܦܵܐܹܫ ܚܫܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܢܵܪܝܼܟܵܬܣܝܼ ܐܵܣܝܵܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܸܬܝܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܼܢ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ (ܠܵܐ ܡܨܲܘܸܬ ܒܝܲܘܢܵܝܵܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܒܠܵܬܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ ܘܟܹܐ ܚܵܝܹܐ ܠܒܲܪ ܡܼܢ ܬܚܘܼܡܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܸܡܦܪܵܛܘܿܪܘܼܬܐ ܒܹܝܙܲܢܛܵܝܬܐ): ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܐܲܦܪܹܝܡ ܕܲܢܨܝܼܒ݂ܝܼܢ ݂ ܚܲܕ ܓܸܕܫܵܐ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܘܵܬ݂ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ: ܕܦܵܐܹܫ ܚܲܕ ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܫܸܖ̈ܫܹܐ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܐܵܣܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܹܕܬܐ: ܐܵܦܸܢ ܡܬܲܚܪܵܐ ܐܬܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܠܐܝܼܬܘܼܬܐ”[1] ݂

ܠܥܲܕ (ܠܗܲܠ) ܕܵܪܵܐ ܕܥܸܣܪܝܼܢ: ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܕܢܵܪܝܼܟ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܲܚܝܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܛܘܼܡܪܵܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ: “ܚܲܕ ܕܘܼܟܵܐ ܠܲܟܢܵܫܵܐ ܚܲܓܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܠܵܐ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ” [2] ݂ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1895: ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܓܢܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܒܥܸܕܵܢ ܢܚܵܖ̈ܝܵܬܐ ܚܲܡܝܼܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܘܡܝܼܬ ܠܗܘܿܢ (123) ܝܼܩܖ̈ܵܬܐ ܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܵܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܥܵܡܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܕܡܵܬܐ ܒܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܲܒܝܼܕܘܼܬܐ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܬܐ ܕܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1915 ݂ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܬܠܝܼܚܵܐ ܘܲܡܦܲܩܥܵܐ ܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܕܢܵܪܝܼܟ ܓܡܝܼܪܵܐܝܼܬ: ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1951 ܒܦܘܼܩܕܵܢܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ ܬܘܼܪܟܵܝܵܐ: ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܒܸܢܝܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܲܣܓ݂ܕܵܐ ܒܫܲܘܦܹܗ ݂

ܟܹܐ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܡܙܲܝܚܵܐ ܒܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܢܵܪܝܼܟܵܬܣܝܼ: ܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕܫܲܒܬܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܝܲܪܚܵܐ ܕܬܸܫܪܝܼܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܫܠܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ: ܘܲܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕ27 ܒܲܫܒ݂ܵܛ ܓܲܘ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܬܐ ݂

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[1] ܓ̰ܵܐܢ ܦܹܝܝܪ ܡܵܗܝܼ: ܗܲܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܕܪܵܫܵܐ ܘܲܡܬܲܪܓܡܵܢܵܐ ܕܲܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܕܲܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ݂ ܩܪܵܝܬܐ “ܓܲܙܵܐ ܕܙܘܼܝܵܚܹ̈ܐ: ܣܝܼܡܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܲܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܢܵܪܝܼܟܵܬܣܝܼ”: ܛܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܪܸܣ 2014 ݂

[2] ܡܲܒܘܼܥܵܐ: ܚܘܼܝܵܕܵܐ ܬܹܒܹܝܠܵܝܵܐ ܠܛܘܼܟܵܣܵܐ ܕܡܲܪܕܘܼܬܐ ܘܐܲܪܥܵܐ (ܬܝܼܪ ܐܝܼ ܟܘܿܠܬܹܝܪ) ݂

ܢܵܦܠܵܐ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܬܐ ܕܵܪܝܼܟ (ܡܵܪܬܐ ܕܗܲܒܵܒܹ̈ܐ) ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܓܵܘܵܐ ܕܚܲܕ ܟܘܼܢܵܫܵܐ ܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܒܫܘܼܪܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ ݂

ܒܵܠܵܐ ܕܐܵܗܵܐ ܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܠܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ: ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܐ ܒܸܢܝܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܚܲܕ ܡܲܚܵܪܵܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ ܒܫܸܪܫܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܡܸܨܪܹܝܢ: ܘܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܝܼܠܹܗ ܚܲܕ ܬܲܦܢܟ݂ܵܐ ܠܡܲܚܵܪܘܼܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܬܐ ݂ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܒܢܝܼܬܐ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܥܵܓ݂ܘܿܪܬܐ (الضخمة)ܘܢܲܩܝܼܕܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܫܡܸܢܬܐ ܦܲܪܙܠܵܝܬܐ: ܘܲܓܡܝܼܪܵܐܝܼܬ ܡܟܘܼܣܲܝܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܒܲܟܣܵܝܵܐ ܟܹܐܦܵܝܵܐ ܡܵܪܹܐ ܓܲܘܢܵܐ ܫܲܟ̇ܪܵܝܵܐ ݂ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܡܣܘܼܟܲܡܬܐ ܘܲܡܬܘܼܩܲܢܬܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܵܐ ܕܲܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ (ܕܖܵܥܹܐ ܕܲܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܸܬܚܲܙܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܝܢܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܒܲܪܵܐ: ܘܣܲܪܢܵܐ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܵܐ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܕܲܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܒܸܫ ܝܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܼܢ ܣܲܪܢܵܐ ܓܲܪܒܝܵܝܵܐ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܝܵܐ) ݂ ܩܘܼܒܬܵܗ̇ ܚܘܼܕܪܵܢܵܝܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇: ܘܚܵܒ݂ܫܵܐ ܚܕܵܐ ܡܸܢܕܘܿܪܬܐ (إسطوانة) ܡܵܪܲܬ ܟܵܘܵܬ̈ܐ: ܘܲܚܕܵܐ ܟܘܿܣܝܼܬܐ ܢܘܼܪܵܢܵܝܬܐ (هرمية) ܥܵܠܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܚܲܕ ܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ ܚܸܦܪܵܝܵܐ ݂ ܟܵܘܵܬܐ ܡܵܖ̈ܲܝ ܠܘܼܚܹ̈ܐ ܖ̈ܵܡܹܐ ܘܫܘܼܫܵܐ ܡܓܲܘܢܵܐ: ܡܬܲܪܨܝܼ ܦܵܬܘܵܬ݂ܐ (ܡܝܼܛܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ: واجهات): ܓܲܪܒܝܵܝܬܐ ܘܬܲܝܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܕܦܵܠܚܝܼ ܠܡܲܦܪܘܿܝܹܐ ܒܲܗܪܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ݂ ܐܝܼܬ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܬܲܖ̈ܥܵܢܹܐ ܓܹܒܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܦܬܝܼܚܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܲܢܲܝ ܦܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܐ ݂ ܡܼܢ ܓܵܘܵܐ: ܒܪܹܫ ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܝܵܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܠܘܼܚܵܐ ܠܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ: ܘܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܠܘܼܚܵܐ ܠܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܢܵܪܝܼܟܵܬܣܝܼ ܪܵܥܝܵܐ ܕܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ݂

ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܡܲܥܠܵܢܵܐ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܕܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܟܸܢܦܵܐ (شرفة) ܪܲܒܵܐ ܡܵܪܹܐ ܬܠܵܬܐ ܫܲܘܝܹ̈ܐ: ܘܚܲܕ ܦܘܼܢܣܵܐ (فانوس)ܒܪܹܫܹܗ ܚܲܕ ܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܵܐ ܚܸܦܪܵܝܵܐ ݂ ܒܲܠܚܘܿܕ ܒܲܥܒ݂ܵܪܬܐ ܒܗܵܢ ܬܲܪܥܵܐ: ܒܸܕ ܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܚܕܵܐ ܣܩܘܿܦܬܐ ܦܬܝܼܬܐ ܕܲܡܗܲܕܝܵܐ ܠܡܲܕܒܚܵܐ: ܕܥܵܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܚܲܕ ܠܘܼܚܵܐ ܓܘܼܕܵܝܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܪܵܡܹܙ ܠܲܙܪܵܩܬܐ ܕܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕܫܵܐ ݂ ܐܝܼܬ ܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܓܠܝܼܦܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܟܠܹܗ ܝܘܼܪܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܗܲܝܟܠܵܐ ݂ ܩܘܼܕܵܫ ܩܘܼܕܫܹܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܣܲܟܡܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܵܐ ܕܒܹܐܡܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ: ܘܝܼܠܹܗ ܕܘܼܟܵܐ ܦܪܝܼܫܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܟܵܗܢܹ̈ܐ ܘܫܲܡܵܫܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܒܐܵܗܵܐ ܕܘܼܟܬܐ ܣܟܝܼܪܬܐ ܒܚܲܕ ܣܸܬܪܵܐ ܙܲܘܓܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܟܘܼܫܵܦܵܐ (ܡܲܚܡܠܵܐ: مخمل) ܣܡܘܿܩܵܐ: ܒܸܕ ܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܠܡܲܕܒܚܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ ܘܲܡܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܘܲܡܣܲܟܡܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܵܐ ܕܡܝܼܛܘܿܦܵܐ ܐܲܘ ܦܵܬܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܡܵܪܹܐ ܥܲܡܘܼܕܹ̈ܐ ܙܥܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܡܵܬܹܚ ܒܵܬܪܹܗ ܓܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܦܲܠܓܘܿ ܚܘܼܕܪܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܕܓܲܘ ܩܲܢܟܹ̇ܐ: ܕܐܝܼܬ ܓܵܘܹܗ ܟܵܘܵܬܐ ܙܹܐܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܡܵܪܹܐ ܥܲܡܘܼܕܹ̈ܐ ܘܩܸܛܖܹ̈ܐ ܚܘܼܕܖ̈ܵܢܵܝܹܐ ݂ ܘܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܠܡܲܕܒܚܵܐ ܪܹܫܵܝܵܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܐܵܦ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܡܲܕܒܚܹ̈ܐ ܓܹܒܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܵܐ ܕܡܝܼܛܘܿܦܵܐ ܫܘܼܫܵܝܵܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ݂ ܩܕܵܡܵܐ ܕܐܵܘܵܢܵܐ ܕܡܲܥܡܘܿܕܝܼܬܐ ܘܒܹܝܬ ܝܵܩܘܿܢ ܡܼܢ ܓܹܒܵܐ ܝܲܡܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ ܘܣܸܡܵܠܵܝܵܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܡܲܕܒܚܹ̈ܐ ܓܹܒܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܪܫܝܼܡܵܐ ܡܲܕܒܚܵܐ ܝܲܡܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ ܠܩܲܕܝܼܫܬܐ ܪܝܼܬܐ: ܪܵܥܝܼܬܐ ܕܐܲܝܟܲܢܘܵܬ̈ܐ ܥܲܣܩܹ̈ܐ ܕܠܲܝܬ ܣܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܡܸܢܲܝܗܝ: ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܡܲܕܒܚܵܐ ܣܸܡܵܠܵܝܵܐ ܪܫܝܼܡܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܘܲܢܙܝܼܪܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܟܪܝܼܟܘܿܪ ܡܸܬܒܲܗܪܵܢܵܐ: ܡܫܲܬܐܸܣܵܢܵܐ ܘܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܐ ܦܵܛܪܝܼܵܪܟܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܐܵܪܸܡܢܵܝܬܐ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܢܵܝܬܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ301 ܠܡܵܪܲܢ ݂

ܡܲܚܕܘܼܪܵܐ (محيط) ܕܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ: ܩܕܵܡ ܡܝܼܛܘܿܦܵܐ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ: ܘܡܼܢ ܓܹܒܵܐ ܕܝܲܡܝܼܢܵܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܚܵܬܸܫܟܵܐܪ (ܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܨܘܼܒܬܐ ܒܩܲܛܝܼܢܘܼܬܐ) ܒܦܘܼܪܣܵܐ ܕܲܕܟ݂ܵܪܵܐ ܕܣܵܗܕܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܲܒܝܼܕܘܼܬܐ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ (ܣܲܝܦܘܿ) ܕܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1915 ݂ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܣܸܡܵܠܵܐ ܕܡܝܼܛܘܿܦܵܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܢܘܼܣܟ݂ܵܐ ܦܚܸܡ ܬܲܦܢܟ݂ܵܐ (طبق الأصل) ܡܼܢ ܡܥܲܪܬܐ ܕ(ܠܘܿܪܕ): ܘܚܵܒܹܫ ܥܲܠ ܨܲܠܡܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܬܝ ܡܲܪܝܲܡ ܒܬܘܼܠܬܐ ݂

ܒܘܼܕ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ: ܚܵܒ݂ܫܵܐ ܗܵܝ ܡܫܘܼܚܬܐ (المساحة) ܪܲܒܬܐ ܕܲܦܪܝܼܣܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܓܵܘܵܗ̇ ܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ: ܥܲܠ ܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܒܸܢܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܡܕܝܼܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܟܝܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܩܸܢܛܪܘܿܢ ܠܪܹܫ ܐܲܦܸܣܩܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܵܖܸ̈ܡܢܵܝܹܐ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܘܐܵܦ ܐܝܼܬ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܐܵܘܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܠܚܘܼܫܵܚܹ̈ܐ (ܠܫܘܼܓ݇ܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ) ܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܝܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܐܵܘܵܢܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܬܚܘܿܬ ܫܸܡܵܐ (ܝܼܩܲܪܬܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܬܐ): ܘܐܵܘܵܢܵܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܢܵܦܹܠ ܠܬܲܚܬ ܕܟܵܬܸܕܪܵܐܝܼܵܐ ܒܫܸܡܵܐ ܕܕܵܒ݂ܚܵܢܵܐ: (ܐܲܒܝܼܟܵܐܢ): ܐܵܦ ܒܸܕ ܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܠܲܚܕܵܐ ܡܲܪܒܝܼܬܐ (حضانة) ܘܚܲܕ ܐܵܘܵܢܵܐ ܕܡܲܕܖ̈ܲܫܝܵܬܐ ܕܚܲܕܒܫܲܒܵܢܹ̈ܐ ݂