ܦܝܼܫܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܝܼܕܝܼܥܬܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܟܹܐ ܦܵܝܫܵܐ ܚܫܝܼܒ݂ܬܐ ܚܕܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܡܕܝܼܢܵܬܐ ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܖ̈ܲܒܹ ܒܓܲܪܒܝܵܐ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܲܡܗܘܼܡܢܹ̈ܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܚܦܸܩܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܠܲܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܒܡܸܨܥܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܬܐܘܿܡܵܐ: ܟܒܲܪ ܗܵܘܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܡܼܢ ܟܢܘܼܫܝܵܐ ܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܵܐ ܕܘܼܟܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ ݂ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܕܟ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ ܫܸܪܫܵܐ ܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܵܐ ܕܲܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܓܲܘ ܡܲܒܘܼܥܹ̈ܐ ܡܫܲܚܠܦܹ̈ܐ[1]: ܡܼܢ ܒܲܝܢܵܬܲܝܗܝ ܫܸܡܵܐ ܕܲܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ: ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܦܵܝܫܵܐ ܐܡܝܼܪܬܐ ܕܗܿܝ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܩܪܝܼܬܐ ܒܫܸܡ ܡܫܲܬܐܸܣܵܢܵܗ̇ ܝܗܘܪܼܕܵܝܵܐ (ܐܲܠܩܘܿܢ): ܗܿܘ ܕܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܫܲܒ݂ܝܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܐܵܬܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ[2] ݂ ܘܦܵܐܹܫ ܪܡܝܼܙܵܐ ܠܗܵܕܹܐ ܩܘܼܪܒܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܬܐ ܒܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܬܘܼܬܐ ܕܩܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܕ(ܢܵܚܘܿܡ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫܵܝܵܐ): ܢܒ݂ܝܼܵܐ ܕܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ: ܘܗܵܢ ܩܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܝܼܠܹܗ ܒܕܸܦܢܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ݂

ܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܡܸܬܪܲܫܡܵܢܝܼܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܒܨܸܡܚܵܐ ܪܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܘܪܸܢܝܵܝܵܐ: ܘܐܵܗܵܐ ܒܛܲܝܒܘܼܬܐ ܘܥܲܡܠܵܐ ܕܢܵܣܘܿܟܹ̈ܐ ܡܵܚܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܘܣܵܖ̈ܘܿܛܹܐ: ܘܡܸܢܲܝܗܝ ܒܲܝܬܘܼܬܐ ܕ(ܗܘܿܡܘܿ) ܒܕܵܪܵܐ ܕ(18) ܘ(19) ݂ ܝܗܸܒ݂ܠܵܗ̇ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܕܵܖܹ̈ܐ ܘܬܲܘܠܕܵܬܹ̈ܐ ܡܫܲܚܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܖ̈ܲܒܵܢܹܐ ܘܟܵܬܘܿܒܹ̈ܐ ܘܣܵܝܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ ܕܪܵܒܵܐ ܣܖ̈ܝܼܛܵܬܐ ܐ݇ܣܘܼܖ̈ܝܵܝܵܬܐ: ܕܲܡܫܘܼܬܸܦܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܒܲܡܫܲܡܗܘܼܬܐ ܕܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܕܪܲܒܵܢ ܗܘܿܪܡܝܼܙܕ ܘܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܬܐ ܕܚܸܨܕܵܐ ݂ ܘܗܲܪ ܒܝܵܬ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ: ܗܘܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܡܸܬܪܲܫܡܵܢܝܼܬܐ ܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܐ ܕܐܲܠܘܿܫ ܒܠܲܦܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܨܦܚܝܵܬ̈ܐ ܬܸܢܝܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܓܢܵܒ݂ܬܐ ܘܡܲܚܪܲܒ݂ܬܐ: ܕܐܬܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܥܒܲܪ ܕܵܖܹ̈ܐ ܘܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܩܖ̈ܵܒ݂ܬܵܢܹܐ ܡܓ݂ܘܿܠܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܬܘܼܖ̈ܟܵܝܹܐ ܘܦܵܖ̈ܣܵܝܹܐ ܘܩܘܼܖ̈ܕܵܝܹܐ ܘܫܲܪܟܵܐ: ܘܲܦܪܝܼܫܵܐܝܼܬ ܒܕܵܪܵܐ ܕ(16) ܘ(18) ܘ(19) ݂

ܘܲܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1832: ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܩܛܝܼܠܵܐ ܡܚܲܕܸܬܵܢܵܐ ܘܡܸܫܬܲܐܠܵܢܵܐ ܕܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܕܪܲܒܵܢ ܗܘܼܪܡܝܼܙܕ: ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ ܓ̰ܸܒܪܵܐܹܝܠ ܕܲܡܒܘܿ ܥܲܠ ܐܝܼܕܵܬܐ ܕܐܲܡܝܼܪܵܐ ܩܘܼܪܕܵܝܵܐ ܡܘܼܚܲܡܲܕ ܦܵܫܵܐ ܪܵܘܲܢܕܘܼܙܝܼ: ܐܸܠܵܐ ܠܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܕܟ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ ܒܪܵܒܵܐ ܐܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ ܘܕܸܚܠܵܬ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ݂ ܘܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܠܚܲܫܵܐ ܕܣܲܝܦܹ̈ܐ ܘܩܸܛܠܵܐ: ܥܲܣܩܵܘܵܬܐ ܐ݇ܚܖܹ̈ܢܹܐ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܡܲܪܥܵܐ ܕܫܲܪܥܘܼܛܵܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1828: ܘܟܸܦܢܵܐ ܕܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1879 ݂ ܘܐܵܦܸܢ ܕܐܝܼܬܘܼܬܐ ܕܐܲܢܲܝ ܓܸܕܫܹ̈ܐ ܘܓܘܼܢܚܹ̈ܐ: ܡܨܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܓܲܒ݂ܖܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܕܥܵܠܒ݂ܝܼ (ܓ݂ܵܠܒܝܼ) ܠܐܲܢܲܝ ܓܘܼܢܚܹ̈ܐ: ܠܕܲܪܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܗܵܠܵܐ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܡܢܵܪܬܐ ܕܲܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܓܲܘ ܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ ݂

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[1] ܗܵܕܹܐ ܡܲܘܕܥܵܢܘܼܬܐ ܠܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܩܲܛܝܼܢܬܐ ܦܵܣܝܼܩܵܐܝܼܬ: ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܲܗܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܫܸܒ݂ܝܵܐ ܐܵܬܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ (ܡܫܲܢܲܝܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܐܘܿܪܸܫܠܸܡ ܠܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ) ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ721 ܩ ݂ ܡ ݂ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܕܵܐ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܐܵܬܘܿܪܵܝܬܐ ܥܡܝܼܪܬܐ ܒܐܵܬܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܕܲܫܪܹܐ ܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܡܫܲܒ݂ܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܲܝܢܵܬܲܝܗܝ: ܘܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܡܦܲܠܓ݂̈ܐ ܘܲܡܒܘܼܖ̈ܒܸܙܹܐ ܒܹܝܬ ܡܕܝܼܢܵܬܐ ܘܡܵܬܘܵܬܐ ܘܡܲܫܖ̈ܝܹܐ ܐܵܬܘܿܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ ܡܫܲܚܠܦܹ̈ܐ: ܗܲܕܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܐܲܝܟ݂ ܒܸܕ ܩܵܒܹܠ ܠܹܗ ܝܘܼܠܦܵܢ ܠܘܿܓ݂ܝܼܩܝܼ ܕܫܸܖ̈ܫܹܐ ܘܘܲܖ̈ܝܼܕܹܐ ܕܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܼܠܲܝܗܝ ܡܼܢ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܘܠܵܐ ܝܠܲܝܗܝ ܡܼܢ ܝܼܣܪܵܝܹܠ؟! ܕܐܲܝܟ݂ ܒܵܪܝܵܐ ܕܫܸܖ̈ܫܹܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܕܵܥܪܝܼ ܠܝܗܘܼܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܡܫܲܒ݂ܝܹ̈ܐ ܘܲܡܫܲܢܝܹ̈ܐ ܐܸܠܵܗ̇ ܡܼܢ ܠܒܲܪ ܡܸܢܵܗ̇ ؟ (ܡܬܲܪܓܡܵܢܵܐ)

[2] ܚܙܝܼ ܓ̰ܐܢ ܡܘܿܪܝܼܣ ܦܝܼܝܹܗ: ܐܵܫܘܿܪ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ: ܡܢܵܬܵܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܐ: ܦ 387: ݂ ܗܵܢ ܦܘܼܫܵܩܵܐ ܕܫܸܡܵܐ ܕ(ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ) ܒܲܠܥܸܠ ܦܵܐܹܫ ܚܫܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܪܸܥܝܵܢܹܐ ܡܼܢ ܖܸ̈ܥܝܵܢܹܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܸܬܩܲܒܠܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܼܠܦܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ ܘܬܲܫܥܝܼܬܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ ܒܲܠܩܘܼܒ݂ܠ ܫܸܡܵܗ̇ ܐܵܬܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ (ܐܹܝܠ ܩܘܿܫ: أي إله الحق) ݂ (ܡܬܲܪܓܡܵܢܵܐ)

ܡܼܢ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܠܐ݇ܚܪܹܢܵܐ: ܓܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܕܝܼܡܘܿܓ݂ܪܵܦܵܝܵܐ ܕܓܲܘ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܥܲܠ ܚܕܵܐ ܐܲܡܝܼܢܘܼܬ݂ ܐܝܼܬܘܼܬܐ ܕܣܲܗܵܪܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܵܐ ܠܵܐ ܫܢܝܼܙܵܐ ݂ ܓܲܘ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܕ(18) ܘܲܒܚܘܼܬܵܡ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1767: ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ (500) ܝܼܩܖ̈ܬܵܐ: 100 ܡܸܢܲܝܗܝ ܩܵܬ݂ܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܘ (ܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ)[1] ݂ ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܚܲܕ ܕܵܪܵܐ ܘܲܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ 1891: ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܵܬܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܩܘܼܪܒܵܐ ܠـ (1000) ܢܸܫܡܹ̈ܐ[2] ݂ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܒܕܵܪܵܐ ܕܥܸܣܪܝܼܢ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܲܚܙܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܣܠܵܩܬܐ ܓܠܝܼܬܐ ܕܕܝܼܡܘܿܓ݂ܪܵܦܝܵܐ: ܟܲܕ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ 1967 [3]: ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܥܵܡܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ (17000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܢܸܫܡܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܒܫܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ ܕܕܵܪܵܐ ܕܥܸܣܪܝܼܢ ܘܚܲܕ: ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ2014: ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ ܓܙܵܡܵܐ ܐܝܼܬܘܼܬܵܝܵܐ ܠܲܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܒܝܲܕ ܖ̈ܗܝܼܒ݂ܵܝܹܐ ܕ(ܕܵܥܹܫ): ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܗܵܠܵܐ (15000) ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܢܸܫܡܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ݂ ܒܲܫܪܵܪܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܡܘܼܣܦܲܩܬܐ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܟܠܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ (ܣܛܲܪ ܡܼܢ ܡܵܐ̈ܐܵܬܐ ܕܦܲܖ̈ܨܘܿܦܹܐ ܕܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܓܵܘܵܗ̇) ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܲܡܛܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ܕܵܥܹܫ) ܥܲܠ ܒܘܼܥܕܵܐ ܕܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܟܝܼܠܘܿܡܝܼܬܖܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܬܚܘܼܡܵܗ̇ ܕܡܵܬܵܐ: ܘܗܵܫܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܕܲܦܪܸܩܠܹܗ ܩܸܢܛܵܐ ܘܲܓܙܵܡܵܐ: ܕܥܸܪܵܗ̇ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܠܫܘܿܦܪܵܗ̇ ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܐ ܘܲܠܡܨܵܝܵܬܵܗ̇ ܕܝܼܡܘܿܓ݂ܖ̈ܵܦܵܝܹܐ ݂

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[1] ܡܼܢ ܚܘܼܦܵܛܹ̈ܐ ܕܪܲܒܵܢܘܼܬܐ ܟܲܪܡܠܵܝܬܐ ܒܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕ(ܦܵܪܹܣ): ܐܲܨܲܚܬܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܐ (ܐܸܓܲܪܬܐ 27 ܒܟܵܢܘܿܢ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1767) ܦ 1262: ܡܘܿܢܣܝܼܢܝܘܿܪ ܥܲܡܲܢܘܼܐܹܝܠ ܒܵܠܹܝܗ: ܐܲܦܸܣܩܘܿܦܵܐ ܕܒܵܒܹܠ ܘܩܲܢܨܠܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܕܦܲܪܢܣܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܒܲܓ݂ܕܵܕ ݂ ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܕܟ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ ܒܝܲܕ ܓ̰ܵܐܢ ܡܘܿܪܝܼܣ ܦܝܼܝܹܗ ܒܲܟܬܵܒܹܗ: ܐܵܫܘܿܪ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ: ܡܢܵܬܵܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܐ ܦ ݂ 390 ݂

[2] ܓܲܘ ܬܘܼܪܟܝܼܵܐ ܐܵܣܝܵܝܬܐ: ܦܝܼܬܵܐܠ ܟܝܼܢܝܹܗ: ܦܵܪܘܿܣܵܐ ܐܲܪܢܸܣܬ ܠܘܿܓ݂ܘܿ 1891 ܦ ݂ 829 ݂

[3] ܓܲܘ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ: ܚܲܕ ܡܹܐܡܪܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܡܓܲܠܬܐ ܕ(ܐܲܦܪܝܼܩܝܼܵܐ ܚܲܝܬܐ): ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ 253 ܬܸܫܪܝܼܢ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ ـ ܟܵܢܘܿܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ: 1967 ـ 7 ݂

ܠܦܘܼܬ݂ ܥܝܵܕܹ̈ܐ ܘܝܘܼܒܵܠܹ̈ܐ: ܦܵܐܹܫ ܚܫܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܡܼܢ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܕܢܘܼܗܲܕܪܵܐ: ܡܼܢ ܬܲܠܡܝܼܕܵܐ ܕܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܡܵܪܝ ܐܘܿܓܹܝܢ[1]: ܘܚܲܕ ܪܲܒܵܢܵܐ (ܕܲܝܪܵܝܵܐ) ܡܸܨܪܵܝܵܐ ܡܫܲܬܐܸܣܵܢܵܐ ܕܪܲܒܵܢܘܼܬܐ ܐ݇ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܬܐ (ܚܲܕ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܝܖ̈ܵܝܹܐ) ܒܕܵܪܵܐ ܪܒ݂ܝܼܥܵܝܵܐ: ܘܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܐܲܣܘܼܪܵܐ ܥܲܡ ܚܲܕ ܡܲܣܥܪܵܐ ܘܲܕܟ݂ܵܪܵܐ ܕܚܲܕ ܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܕܲܝܖܹ̈ܐ ܛܵܒ݂ ܥܲܬܝܼܩܹ̈ܐ ܓܲܘ ܛܘܼܪܥܲܒܕܝܼܢ ܒܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܵܐ ܕܬܘܼܪܟܝܼܵܐ ܕܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ: ܥܲܠ ܪܸܚܩܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܕ(40) ܟܠܡ ܡܼܢ ܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ(ܢܨܝܼܒ݂ܝܼܢ): ܕܘܼܟܵܐ ܕܡܸܢܹܗ ܡܵܨܹܝܚ ܕܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܠܐܘܼܦܩܵܐ ܠܵܐ ܡܬܲܚܡܵܐ ܕܫܸܛܚܵܐ ܕܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܖ̈ܝܼܢ ݂ ܘܡܸܢ݇ܕܪܹܫ݇ ܘܲܠܦܘܼܬ݂ ܝܘܼܒܵܠܹ̈ܐ ܝܼܖ̈ܝܼܬܹܐ: ܦܵܐܹܫ ܚܫܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܼܢ ܐܲܒ݂ܵܗܵܬܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܕܕܵܪܵܐ ܪܒ݂ܝܼܥܵܝܵܐ: ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܘܼܬܐ ݂ ܘܲܒܗܵܕܹܐ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܠܵܗ̇ ܒܢܝܼܬܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܬܐ ܒܫܸܡ ܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܠܩܘܼܒܵܠܵܐ ܕܲܫܪܲܕܘܼܕܵܐ (ܕܲܫܠܲܕܹܗ) ݂ ܘܲܒܥܸܠܬܐ ܕܲܡܫܲܡܗܘܼܬܐ ܕܗܵܢܵܐ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܕܘܼܟܬܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ: ܟܠ ܝܼܩܲܪܬܐ (ܒܲܝܬܘܼܬܐ) ܕܓܲܘ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ: ܡܫܲܡܗܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܡܼܢ ܫܲܒ݂ܖ̈ܵܗ̇ ܝܼܠܝܼܕܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܕܬܵܐܝܼܬ ܒܫܸܡ: ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ݂

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[1] ܠܦܘܼܬ݂ ܥܝܵܕܹ̈ܐ ܘܝܘܼܒܵܠܹ̈ܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܹܗ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܐܘܿܓܹܝܢ (70) ܬܲܠܡܝܼܕܹ̈ܐ: ܡܸܢܲܝܗܝ ܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܢܘܼܗܲܕܪܵܝܵܐ ݂

ܪܵܒܵܐ ܥܲܣܩܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܡܬܲܚܲܡܬܐ ܕܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܲܣܥܪܵܐ ܫܸܪܫܵܝܵܐ: “ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܝܵܕܥܲܚ ܕܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܥܲܬܝܼܩܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ ܠܹܗ ܬܠܵܬܐ ܡܲܕܒܚܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܪܚܸܫܠܹܗ ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ ܓ̰ܸܒܪܵܐܹܝܠ ܕܲܡܒܘܿ ܠܗܵܕܹܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ ܩܸܛܠܹܗ[1]: ܘܓܵܘܵܗ̇ ܫܟܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܫܠܲܕܹܗ ܠܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕ(12) ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ ܩܕܵܡ ܢܩܵܠܬܹܗ ܠܕܲܝܪܵܐ ܕܪܲܒܵܢ ܗܘܼܪܡܝܼܙܕ” ݂

ܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܒܫܸܪܫܵܐ ܬܚܘܿܬ ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܩܕܵܡ ܫܘܼܢܵܝܵܐ ܠܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܟܲܠܕܵܝܬܐ: ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܟܠܲܝܗܝ ܥܹܕܵܬ̈ܐ ܕܓܲܘ ܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ: ܒܵܬܲܪ ܡܸܬܚܵܐ ܕܐܬܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܡܼܢ ܒܵܬܲܪ ܕܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܗ̇ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1553: ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܬܸܢܝܵܐ ܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܗ̇ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1578 ـ 1581: ܘܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܕܝܲܘܡܵܢܵܐ ܕܵܥܹܪ ܠܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1876 ݂

ܒܸܕ ܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܘܲܒܚܲܕ ܐܸܣܟܹܝܡܵܐ ܓܲܠܝܵܐ: ܩܘܼܒܬܐ ܓܠܘܿܠܬܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܬܲܠܵܐ ܕܲܡܗܵܕܹܐ  (ܚܵܐܹܪ)) ܠܲܡܕܝܼܢ݇ܬܐ ݂ ܓܘܼܕܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܟܹܐܦܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܘܫܘܼܪܵܗ̇ (ܣܝܵܓ݂ܵܗ̇) ܢܵܛܘܿܪܵܐ: ܦܝܼܫܠܗ݇ܘܿܢ ܫܥܝܼܥܹ̈ܐ (ܫܸܥܝܹ̈ܐ) ܒܓܹܨܵܐ ܕܲܗܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܚܲܕ ܟܣܵܝܵܐ ܫܲܪܘܵܝܵܐ ܘܦܵܨܘܿܠܵܐ ݂ ܢܵܦܹܠ ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܕܗܵܢܵܐ ܒܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܒܓܲܪܒܝܵܐ ܕܲܚܕܵܐ ܟܵܘܹܐ ܙܥܘܿܪܬܐ: ܘܐܝܼܬ ܒܲܠܩܘܼܒ݂ܠܵܗ̇ ܚܲܕ ܒܲܝܬܐ ܡܵܖ̈ܲܝ ܢܸܩܫܹ̈ܐ ܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܵܢܵܝܹ̈ܐ: ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܡܵܪܝ ܓܝܼܘܲܪܓܝܼܣ ܒܸܩܛܵܠܵܐ ܕܬܲܢܝܼܢܵܐ: ܠܸܒܵܐ ܕܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܘܠܸܒܵܐ ܕܲܟ݂ܝܵܐ ܕܡܲܪܝܲܡ ݂ ܘܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܙܥܘܿܪܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܗܿܘ ܓܘܼܕܵܐ ܕܲܡܗܲܕܹܐ ܠܡܲܥܒ̇ܪܵܐ ܕܡܵܬܹܚ ܥܲܠ ܝܘܼܪܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܟܠܵܗ̇ ܦܵܬܵܐ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܝܬܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ݂ ܘܒܸܕ ܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܒܚܘܼܬܵܡܵܐ ܕܗܵܢ ܡܲܥܒ̇ܪܵܐ (ܫܩܵܩܘܿܢܵܐ): ܕܵܪܬܐ ܪܘܝܼܚܬܐ ܩܒ݂ܝܼܖܹ̈ܐ ܓܵܘܵܗ̇ ܚܲܕ ܡܸܢܝܵܢܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܓܲܒ݂ܖ̈ܲܝ ܬܲܘܕܝܼܬܐ: ܘܥܲܠ ܓܹܒܵܢܵܗ̇ ܐܝܼܬ ܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܐ ܘܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ݂

ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܢܸܩܫܹ̈ܐ ܐ݇ܣܘܼܖ̈ܝܵܝܹܐ ܒܪܹܫ ܓܘܼܕܵܐ ܕܓܲܪܒܝܵܐ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ: ܒܪܹܫ ܚܲܕ ܡܵܦܵܐ ܪܫܝܼܡܵܐ ܕܥܝܼܪܵܐܩ: ܡܲܩܪܹܐ ܕܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܐ ܦܝܼܫܬܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܒܢܝܼܬܐ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1923 ܥܲܠ ܚܘܼܫܒܵܢܵܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ: ܒܪܵܥܝܘܼܬܐ ܕܦܵܦܵܐ ܦܝܼܝܘܿܣ ܕ(11): ܘܦܵܛܝܼܪܝܵܪܟܵܐ ܕܒܵܒܹܠ ܥܲܡܲܢܘܼܐܹܝܠ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܐ[2] ݂  ܘܐܝܼܬ ܟܸܢܦܵܐ (ܛܲܪܡܵܐ) ܕܲܡܟܲܣܹܐ ܠܐ݇ܓܵܪܹܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ: ܘܐܝܼܬ ܒܓܹܒܵܐ ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܵܐ ܡܸܢܹܗ ܚܕܵܐ ܩܘܼܒܬܐ ܢܘܼܪܵܢܵܝܬܐ (ܓܠܘܿܠܬܐ) ݂ ܪܵܡܘܼܬܐ ܕܥܹܕܬܐ ܦܵܠܛܵܐ ܬܪܹܝ ܬܵܩܹ̈ܐ ܠܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܐ ܕܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܒܲܠܩܘܼܒ݂ܠܵܗ̇ ݂ ܒܸܕ ܥܵܒ݂ܪܸܬ ܠܥܹܕܬܐ ܒܡܸܨܥܵܝܘܼܬܐ ܕܚܲܕ ܡܲܥܠܵܢܵܐ ܠܚܘܼܕܵܝܵܐ: ܘܝܼܠܹܗ ܚܲܕ ܡܲܥܠܵܢܵܐ ܡܬܘܼܪܨܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܫܝܼܫܵܝܵܐ ܣܢܝܼܕܵܐ ܒܚܲܕ ܟܹܐܦܵܐ ܢܩܝܼܫܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܨܘܼܪܬܐ ܕܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ݂

ܐܝܼܬ ܠܵܗ̇ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܕܡܵܪܝ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܗܲܝܟܠܵܐ ܝܼܚܝܼܕܵܝܵܐ: ܘܐܝܼܬ ܒܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܪܸܚܩܵܐ ܚܲܕ ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܡܲܠܟܵܝܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܡܬܲܪܨܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܫܝܼܫܵܐ ܡܲܘܨܠܵܝܵܐ ݂ ܟܹܐ ܚܵܙܹܝܚ ܒܥܲܡܘܼܕܹ̈ܐ ܕܗܵܢ ܩܸܛܪܵܐ: ܬܪܹܝ ܐܸܣܛܘܼܟ݂ܣܹ̈ܐ ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ ݂ ܒܲܠܬܲܚܬ ܕܥܲܡܘܼܕܵܐ ܣܸܡܵܠܵܝܵܐ ܕܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܡܲܠܟܵܝܵܐ (ܚܝܵܪܵܐ ܠܓܹܒ ܡܲܕܒܚܵܐ): ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܕ ܠܘܼܚܵܐ ܡܵܪܹܐ ܢܸܩܫܹ̈ܐ ܡܬܲܚܸܡ ܠܲܫܪܲܕܘܼܕܵܐ ܕܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ (ܬܲܠܡܐ ܣܝܼܡܐ ܓܲܘ ܓܘܼܕܵܐ) ݂ ܘܐܝܼܬ ܥܲܠ ܓܹܒܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܪܹܢܵܐ: ܒܲܠܬܲܚܬ ܕܥܲܡܘܼܕܵܐ ܝܲܡܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ: ܚܲܕ ܠܘܼܚܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܪܹܢܵܐ ܡܵܪܹܐ ܢܸܩܫܹ̈ܐ ܡܬܲܚܸܡ ܠܲܫܪܲܕܘܼܕܵܐ ܕܲܢܒ݂ܝܼܵܐ ܢܵܚܘܿܡ ݂

ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1891: ܟܬܸܒ݂ܠܹܗ ܦܝܼܬܵܐܠ ܟܝܼܢܝܹܗ ܒܐܝܼܡܵܪܵܐ: “ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1883 ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܓܢܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܫܠܲܕܵܐ ܕܢܵܚܘܿܡ ܒܠܸܠܝܵܐ: ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܘܼܬܒ݂ܵܐ ܒܲܚܕܵܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ ܐ݇ܚܹܪ݇ܬܐ: ܕܠܵܐ ܝܼܕܲܥܬܐ ܕܲܒ݂ܢܲܝ̈ ܝܼܣܪܵܝܹܠ: ܐܵܢܝܼ ܕܲܠܗܵܫܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܫܲܒܚܝܼ ܠܗܿܘ ܩܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܣܦܝܼܩܵܐ” ݂ ܒܝܲܪܚܵܐ ܕܬܲܡܘܿܙ ܡܼܢ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ 2017: ܐܡܸܪܹܗ ܐܸܠܵܢ ܫܲܡܵܫܵܐ ܠܝܼܘܝܼܣ ܓ̰ܲܡܵܐ: ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܡܼܢ ܥܵܡܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܕܐܲܠܩܘܿܫ ܘܚܲܕ ܣܲܗܵܕܵܐ ܕܥܲܝܢܵܐ ܠܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܕܲܚܙܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܒܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ܕ1976: “ܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܦܘܼܠܛܵܐ ܫܠܲܕܵܐ ܕܢܵܚܘܿܡ ܡܼܢ ܥܲܡܘܼܕܵܐ ܘܦܝܼܫܠܹܗ ܡܘܼܬܒ݂ܵܐ ܓܲܘ ܚܲܕ ܫܘܼܫܵܐ ܣܝܼܡܐ ܒܥܲܡܘܼܕܵܐ ܕܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܡܩܲܕܫܵܐ: ܒܝܵܬ ܕܘܼܟܵܐ ܕܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܓܵܘܹܗ ܒܕܲܥܒܲܪ” ݂

ܘܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܠܢܝܼܫܵܐ ܠܝܼܬܘܿܪܓ̰ܵܝܵܐ ܕܗܵܕܹܐ ܥܹܕܬܐ: ܐܝܼܬ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܹܗ ܗܿܘ ܫܪܲܕܘܼܕܵܐ (ܫܠܲܕܵܐ) ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܚܲܕܟܡܵܐ ܐܲܬ݂ܖܹ̈ܐ ܣܘܼܡܣܵܡܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܗܿܝ ܕܟܹܐ ܡܒܲܣܡܝܼ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ “ܫܲܒ݂ܖܹ̈ܐ ܙܥܘܿܖܹ̈ܐ ܡܼܢ ܫܥܵܠܵܐ (ܫܝܵܠܵܐ)” ݂ ܘܦܵܐܹܫ ܡܙܲܝܚܵܐ ܒܥܹܐܕܵܐ ܕܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ ܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܒܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܡܼܢ ܝܲܪܚܵܐ ܕܬܸܫܪܝܼܢ ܩܲܕܡܵܝܵܐ ܕܟܠ ܫܲܢ݇ܬܐ ݂

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[1] ܚܙܝܼ: ܓ̰ܵܐܢ ܡܘܼܪܝܼܣ ܦܝܼܝܹܗ: ܐܵܫܘܿܪ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܬܐ: ܐܲܨܲܚܬܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܐ: ܦ 395 ݂

[2] ܚܙܝܼ: ܬܘܼܪܓܵܡܵܐ ܐܸܢܓܠܹܝܫܵܝܵܐ ܠܢܸܩܫܹ̈ܐ ܐ݇ܣܘܼܖ̈ܝܵܝܹܐ: ܡܢܵܬܐ ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬܐ: ܐܲܡܝܼܪ ܚܲܪܵܐܩ: ܛܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܒܘܿܟܵܪܕ: ܨܘܼܪܬܐ ܦܵܬܵܐ 189: ܘܓܘܼܫܡܵܐ ܒܦܵܬܵܐ 418 ݂